A domino is a flat thumbsized block the face of which is divided into two parts, each either blank or bearing from one to six pips or dots: 28 such pieces form a complete set. A domino is the basis for several games that require calculation and strategy. Some are as simple as a line-up of matching ends, while others can involve complex patterns and structures, such as chains or circles. In addition, dominoes are used in art projects and architecture.

A popular hobby is domino building, where people create structures and art using the tiles. Many such structures are impressive, including models of cities, houses, and even cars. They can take hours to construct, and it is important that they be constructed carefully to avoid damage or injury.

Dominoes are much more powerful than people realize. In a 1983 experiment by University of British Columbia physicist Lorne Whitehead, the smallest domino was able to knock over objects about three times its size. To demonstrate the power of a single domino, Whitehead placed 13 such blocks on a table. Each was only five millimeters tall and a half-millimeter thick, but when they hit each other, they produced an impact force that could push over a brick nearly three feet tall.

The earliest dominoes were functionally identical to playing cards, but a more sophisticated version emerged in Europe and China in the 12th or 13th century. The European game quickly spread to England and other countries where it became a national pastime. It was also adapted to circumvent religious proscriptions against playing cards.

During the 20th century, dominoes began to appear in public buildings, such as libraries and museums, and were adapted for educational purposes as well. Dominoes have since become a common part of everyday life, with an estimated 1.2 billion being sold annually. They are played in schools, prisons, and psychiatric hospitals around the world.

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